INSTITUTE AND AUDIENCE - MY FILM INSTITUTE: BOLLYWOOD
Bollywood is
formally referred as Hindi cinema, it is the film industry based in Mumbai and
not the whole of Indian cinema. Bollywood is derived from the words Bombay and
Hollywood and the origin of this word is from the 1970’s. By the 1930’s the
industry was making 200 films per annum. In the 1931 the first sound film was
produced that was ALAM ARA, which
was a huge commercial success. Before this silent films were made. In the
1930’s and 1940’s the industry suffered from the great depression after world
was 2 but still some film makers managed to gain position through addressing
social issues or used the issue of independence as their plot. In 1937 the
first color film was made by Ardeshir
Irani named Kisan kanya and
later Mother India yet color films
didn’t become famour till the 1950’s.
The golden
age for Hindi films was from 1940 – 1960 when a lot of critically acclaimed movies
were produced such as:
1. Pyaasa by Guru Dutt films
2. Awaara and Shree by Raj Kapoor films
3. Mother India which was also nominated
for Best Foreign Language Film at Academy Awards
By the late 1960’s and early 1970’s romance and action movies
emerged which starred actors like Rajesh khana, Dharmendar, Shashi kapoor sand
actresses like Sharmila Tigore, Asha Parek and Mumtaz. Amitabh Bachan got
famous for his angry man looks and violent, gangster movies came in trend. The
actresses of hiss era are Hema Malini, Jaya Bachan and Rekha.
Commercial cinema rose in the 1970’s after the huge success
of the film “Sholay” and a devotional
classic “Jai Santoshi Ma”. Another important film was “Deewar” made by Yash
Raaj Films (YRF).
In late 1980’s and early 1990’s there was a vast variety of
romantic films like “qayyamat se qayyamat tuk”; “Meane Pyaar Kiya”; “Dilwale
Dulhaniya Le Jayenge” and “Hum Apke Hain Kaun”. This phase brought a new
generation of actors like “Shahrukh Khan”; “Amir Khan” and “Salman Khan” and in
actresses “Sri Devi”, “Kajol”, “Madhuri” and “Juhi Chawla”. Due to Akshay Kumar
action films were given a hype and comedy films were also successful because of
Govinda and hiss lead actress Raveena. Ram Gopal Varmas “Satya” written by
Anurag Kashyab came out to be an influential film and it was a different form of
genre addressing a social issue.
By the 2000’s large production houses came out with more
modernized films and some were a box office success in India and abroad.
Lagaan, Devdas, Munna bhai M.B.B.S., Chak De India, Kal Ho Na Ho, Rang De
Basanti, Om Shanti Om and many more. The theme of reincarnation was popularized
in western culture by bollywood films like “Madhumati” and “Karz”.
CODES AND CONVENTIONS
OF BOLLYWOOD FILMS:
All bollywood films have catchy music, songs and dances; this
is what attracts the audience because they want full entertainment that is
worth their money most commonly called “paisa vasool”. Main elements of such
films are a love triangle, in which 2 are the protagonist and one is the
villain, family ties, sacrifices, corrupt politicians and kidnappers. Then
comes a dramatic cliff hangers which leaves a surprise element and intermission
comes. Such movies are called “masala” movies; they have a bit of everything
romance, action and comedy. However along with this there are sophisticated
movies as well that are more artistic and separate from usual bollywood
films. They are highly influenced by
Hollywood films and cater to a niche market probably the upper educated class
where as the majority is lower middle class who want to forgot their own
worries and watch an entertainment packed film even if it’s based on a lie.
The
actresses of bollywood movies are highly glamorized; even if it looks
unrealistic they will not be shown in their natural selves.
The songs of
the movie are not recorded on location and lip synced by actors. Therefore the
sounds usually made in a studio and then added later to film. In the early days
the problem that occurred was the actors would be lip synching something else
and the sound would not be properly dubbed so in Lagaan Amir Khan suggested the
songs were played during shoot and it was a success. Such type of music is
called “filmy music” as they have several dancers in the background supporting
the protagonist and change locations and costumes very quickly which is
unrealistic.
Dancing in
Indian cinema hold immense importance, they have folk dancers, classical dances
and historical Indian courtesans (tawaif). Nowadays more modernized dances are
done due to the western pop culture where a proper group of professionals
perform with the heroin. This type of staging is referred to as
“picturisation”.
The dialogues
are written in simple Hindi that can be understood by the masses, however if
the movie is set in a different era for example the Mughlai era then it is mandatory
to use Urdu/ Persian language. Otherwise the dialogues are easily understood.
MODERN CINEMA
With the
progression in film industry now heavy financed films are being produced. The
recent most expensive multi-million dollar production was Ra.One, it made the
budget of 135 crores. The set, costume, special effect and cinematography were
world up class and were in comparison with Hollywood sci-fi films. Hollywood institutes are willing to invest in
such films and they are also distributed abroad. Mumbai film crews are shooting
in locations such as Australia, New York, UK, United States and are being
funded heavily. They are financed by large studios as well as private
distributers such as Mumbai underworld which is illegitimate. Along with this
another issue that the cinema faces is copy write infringement that is piracy.
I film doesn’t even come on DVD still it is available in market the next day.
Due to this the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry has estimated as loss
of $100 million annually. The producers recover their loss by selling their
product to Hollywood institutes and by opening their movie abroad.
The new
marketing strategies that have been adapted over the years are film music
releases, videos and trailers and public appearances. Moreover internet quizzes
and star endorsements, product placement are widely practiced in bollywood and
boosts sales.
The new
generation of actor are Ranbir kapoor, Shahid Kapoor, Imran Khan, Hrithik
Roshan and actresess are Katrina Kaif, Deepika, Sonam and Kareena kapoor.
A parallel
cinema that has taken shape is Art cinema, the golden age of Indian cinema that
is from 1960’s to 1980’s is famous because of art films. They have technical
brilliance, artistic simplicity and thematic grandeur. The reason for the decline
of Art cinema is underworld financing, political and economic turmoil,
television and piracy. Some modern examples of parallel cinema genre include
Mani Ratnams “Dil Se” and “Yuva”, Nagesh Kukunoors “Dor”, Sudhir Mishras
“Hazaron Khwahishen Aisen”, Nandita Das “Firaq” and Vikramaditya Motwane's “Udaan”.
GENRES:
·
Classic
Action
·
Classic
Drama
·
Parallel
Cinema
·
Romance
·
Action
Thrillers
·
Crime
Thrillers
·
Comedy
·
Realistic
Blockbuster
·
Indian
English Movies.
INSTITUTIONS:
YASH RAJ
FILMS: Yash Raj Films was established in 1976, it is an entertainment company
sset up by the director Yash Chopra who is also a producer. He is considered an
entertainment mogul in India. His dream studio was opened in Mumbai in 2006 by
Yash Choppra. The first film shot in the
studio swas “Fanaa”, the studio covers 20 acres and 7 floors where the production
house shoots as well as rents to other houses. YRF also launched its own music
label by the name of Yash Raj Music. YRF office is in India and in addition it
is in Delhi, Jalandhar, Jaipur, Amravati, Indore, Bangalore, Secunderabad,
Kolkata, Chennai and Cochin in India. There are also offices in the United
Kingdom the United States and the United Arab Emirates. The films produced
under YRF banner are:
Veer Zara
Bachna Aye
Haseeno
Dilwale
Dulhaniye Le Jayenge
Dhoom
Mere Brother
Ki Dulhan
Band Baja
Barat
Badmaash
Company
Lafange
Parindey
YRF makes
romance movies with a star cast and big budget.
DHARMA
PRODUCTIONS: Dharma productions pvt ltd is founded by Yash Johar in 1976. They
have a channel which is launched with NDTV that is NDTV imagine.
Films by
Dharma production:
Muqaddar
Ka Faisla
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UTV:
UTV plc is a subsidiary of UTV software communication ltd, it was started in
1996 motion pictures. UTV Motion
Pictures produces films both in Bollywood
as well as in Hollywood, where it partners with other leading film
studios like 20th Century Fox, The Walt Disney Company and Sony
Pictures.
They
are listed on London stock exchange and launched a second motion pictures
brand “ SPOT BOY”. In 2011 UTV made movies like:
Ronnie
Screwwala CEO UTV and Pearl padamsee took an initiative which stands for Society to Heal, Aid, Restore and
Educate.
EROS
INTERNATIONAL: Eros international was established in1977 and have been there
for over three decades. The group has
an enviable distribution network that spans across 50 countries and over 27
dubbed foreign languages, with offices in India, UK, USA, Dubai, Australia,
Fiji, Isle of Man and Singapore. They release over 70 new films every year
and are the first Indian media company to obtain a listing
on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange.
There audience is over 50 countries and over 1.2 billion people watch there
films including India.
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